Telautograph.



A. 'M. & KLKIWIIDSI-Illfl'.

TELAUTOGRAPH.

uruonmn FILED MAR. 12, 1906.

920,966. j I ."PatentedMayILIQOQ.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

AnZ'OnMKnQcZsen, arsZen Knudsen wil /less egg [In/anions,

A. M. & K. KNUDSEN.

TELAUTOGRAPH.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 12, 1906.

920,966. Patented May 11, 1909.

3 SHBETS-SHEET 2.

0 as 7 6 50 1 as A nTonM Knudsen, omsi'en Knudsen, wifnesses: Ifizz/anions.

' diionn y.

UNITED STATES PA ENT OFFICE.

ANTON M. KNUDSEN, OF CHICAGO, ILLiNois, AND KARSTEN KNUDSEN,OFGRAND'RAPIDS,

I MICHIGAN.

TELAUTOIGRAPH.

Speeifleationbt Letters Patent.

Patented May 11. 190 9.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, An'ronM. KnunsEN, a citizen of the United States ofAmerica, and resident of Chicago, county of Cook, and State of Illinois,and KARST'EN KNUD- SEN, a citizen of the United States of county ofKent, and State of Michigan, have invented a new and useful Improvementin Telautographs, of which the following is a specification.

Our inventidn herein described and illustrated, lies in circuits andapparatus for transmitting handwriting and the like electrically to adistance. I The plan of our invention is that a tracing ,point at .awriting station may follow substantially the movements of a tracingpoint at. a distant controlling station, the medium of control hemalternating or pulsating current or the li e.

This specification is accompanied by nine figures, in which,

Figure 1 shows the circuits of a line having an equipment at each end inaccordance with our invention; Fig. 2 shows mechanical and electricaldetail of the equipment involved in Fi 1. Fig. 3 shows an alternativecircuit or accomplishing the same results. Fig. 4' shows an alternativemethod of attaching the tracing point, either of the controllinginstrument or of the writin instrument, to the armatures or' cores 0 theelectrical helices. Fig. 5 shows a possible method of connection betweenthe tracing point and the armatures or cores of any machine. Fig; 6shows another .methodof connecting the tracing point withthe armaturesor cores of the electrical helices, Fig. 7 shows detail of the laminatedcore and the electrical helix in one of the'three magnets shown in F ig.6. Fig. 8 shows a method of adjustment for the magnets of Fig. 6, and Fi9 shows a simple paper feed device.

- fiike numbers represent like parts throughout the several views.

In Fig. 1, 1 is athree-phase alternating current generator, having threeterminals, 10. 11, 12: 2 is an electrical switch adapted to have itsmembers separatedby the lifting of the tracing point or pen zit-thecontrolling instrument. and by reason of its control by the pen it willbe called hereafter the'penswitch; 3 is the device for controlling the:

changing the condi'tions'of the entire equip-v ment at oneend of theline from controlling America, and resident of Grand Rapids,

or transmitting conditions to receiving conditions, orvlc'e versa; 5 isthe device for record mg the electrical transmission, this deviceI'Olntllllll'lf' in circuit with the line condi1c tors at al hues andserving toleave'a record of the transmission sent out from its ownstation as well as the transmission received from the distant station orstations; 6 is a feed relay adapted to feed intermittently a paper,tape, or the like, upon which the transmission may, be recorded by thetracing points, proper control for the feed devices eiug provided, aslater described herein; .7, 8 and 9 are the line conductors, the, earthbeing shown as line conductor 9 6, 5, 4 are similar parts of ap aratuslocated at the station at the end 0 the line distant from that end equiped with 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6..

Vihen earth is use as a line conductor, balancin resistances,impedances,etc., may be inclu ed in the ground legs, as is practiced inmultiple telegraphy, where balancing is required. The ends of the lineare equipped fully with similar apparatus, that either may transmit tothe other, but in Fig.- 1 the end to the right is shown operativetotransmit to the end to the left, and the end to H the left is shownwith its control switch 4 in that position toremove its controlling ortransmitting mechanism fromxtheyiline circuits and to leave itsreceiving'apparatus operative, the parts 3', 2, 1, bein'g'omitted fromthe figure to give greater convenience in drawing the parts shown. I Theplan of o ieration is as follows: 'The tracing point 0 the controller 3is moved by the hand of the operator; such movement on the part of thetracing point of the controllen 3. causes electrical-conditions to beset up over the line conductors 7 8,. 9, such that the tracing poi-n'tsof the receivinginistruments' 5, 5', and such other similar instrumentsas may be incircuit, are influenced to move in a dapection and-t0 anextent corresponding-to the direction and extent of the mo venient .of.the tracing point.

of the controller 3; thef'movement of the tracing point of thecontroller 3 thus is duplicated in the receiving instruments, be-

ing duplicated in the receiving instrument associated with the activecontroller as well as in the distant receiving instrument shown in thedrawing, and in such other receiver instruments as may be connected inthe line circuits, whether with or without transmitting controllers. Themeans by which this cooperation of movement between controller andreceiver is obtained is as follows:

The tracing point of the controller 3, as shown in Fig. 2, is associatedmechanically with the cores or plungers of the three helices 31, 32, 33,of the controller, and the tracing point 50 of the receiver 5 isassociated with the armatures of three helices 51, 52, 53, arrangedangularly similarly to the corresponding helices of the controller.Homologous helices of the two devices are connected in series, andthence the circuit extends through homologous helices of such '30 bypivotal connections.

other receiving instruments as it may be desired to control, thecircuits being, com-- pleted as shown in diagram in ig. 1. Helices 31,32 and 33 are helices of variable impedance, the impedance beingcontrolled by the further insertion or partial or complete withdrawal ofthe cores or. plungers' clearly shown diagrammatically in Fig. 2, and asshown further in detail in Figs. 4, 5

'and 6. As shown in Fig. 2, a strengthening of the magnetic field of anyreceiver helix would draw the armature or plunger further into thehelix'and thus push thetracing point 50 away from the helix thusenergized above the degree of energization of the remaining two helices.In the controller of Fig. 2 the operating power of the device ismanualzantl not electrical, so that the movement of thetracing pointtoward any helix would pass the plunger of that helix farther into thewinding and at the same time withdraw partially or wholly the remainingtwo plungers from their helices; thus the impedance would be increasedin that helix toward which the tracing point 30 is moved, while theimpedance would be correspondingly decreased in those remaining helicesfrom which the tracing point had moved. As the flow of alternat-' ingcurrent through a given conductor. depends to some degree upon theabsence or degree of impedance in the conductor, this variation ofimpedance in the various helices 'at the controller will. producereversed yariations in the flow of alternating current in thecorresponding line conductors, with consequent influence u on themagnetic fields of the correspon i-ng helices of the associated andconnected receiving apparatus; our operation now may be traceddefinitely as follows, referring at the same time to Figs. 1 and 2:lVith the controller tracing point at rest, current will flow from thethree-phase generator 1 equally through the following paths: first 13,11, 2, 31, 51, 6, s, 6', 51', 11', 12', 52', e, 9', earth, 9, 6, 52, 32,2, 10; second 11, 12, 33, 53, e, 7, 6, 4.3, 41', 51', e, s, 6, 51,31, 2,11, and third 15, 10, 2, 32, 52, 6, 2, earth, 9', 6',-52, 42', 43', 53',6, 7, 6, 53, 33, 12. three currents are approximately equal because thethree line lnnbs 7, 8, 9 are approximately equal in all respects, andthe three controlling impedances, 31, 32, 33, of the controller 3, areapproximately equal in impedance because of the equal insertion of thecores or plungeis with the tracing point 30 in the middle position,which is its normal position of rest.

. If the tracing point 30 of the controller be advanced, say toward thehelix, 33, the plunger will be inserted farther into helix 33 and theplungers will 'be withdrawn to a "certain extent from the helices 31 and32; thus the impedance of the helix 33 will be increased and theimpedance of the helices 31 and 32 respectively will bereduced. Theincrease of impedance in helix 33 will re duce the current flowingthrough helices 33, 53and '53; the reduction of. impedance in helix 31will increase the current flowing through helices 31, 51 and '51; thereduction of impedance in helix 32 will increase the current flowingthrough helices 32, 52 and 52;, thus the helix 53 of the receiver 5 willattract its armature less strongly, while the helices 51 and 52-ofthatreceiver will attract their armatures more strongly, with consequentoverpowering to a certain extent of the armature of helix by thecombined attraction of the armatures of helices 51 and 52 and withconsequent motion of the tracing point 50 toward the helix 53, thatmovement being homologous both in direction and extent to the motion ofthe tracing point 30 toward the helix 33 in the controller This movementof the tracing point 50 of the receiver 5-will be duplicated mall of thereceiver's connected in the ciring point 30 and studying the resultingimpedance and currents, it will be seen that the tracing point 50 willassume a homologous position in the receiver 5, and thus thetracing'point 50 of the *receiver 5 will follow continuously themovements of the tracing point: 30of the controller 3.

Thus we have seen how, by the use of our invention, the controllingpoint at 30 may cause the writing point at 50 to trace letters,

"words and the like, at a distant point, to the These unit. By assuminganyposition of the trac- .mitting communications of considerable length,we have devised means by which the sheet of paper written on may becaused to pass under the tracingpoint, rather than a means whereby thetracing point maypass continuously over the sheet written upon.

A paper ribbon or tape, 16, fed from the roll 17 )asses under thecontrolling point 30 and t on under the writing point 50. of theassociated receiver; thence it passes between friction rollers 18 and19, the roller 18 being driven by clockworkas indicated. The roller 18has rigidly attached to it a ratchet 20 with teeth so spaced that by theprogress of the ratchet from one tooth to the next the pa er ribbon willbe advanced one unit step 0 desired length. The clockwork tends to drawthe paper ribbon continuously forward; the ratchet. prevents themovement when its teeth are engaged b pawls, of which pawls two areprovide one as a projection on lever 21, pivoted at 22,. and carryingthe armature of electro magnet 23, and the other as a projection onlever 24 pivoted at 25, and carrying the armature of electromagnet 26.Contact pair 27 tends to stand open, but is closed 'when pressed by aprojection from arm 24; contact pair 28 tends, to stand open, but isclosed when pressed by a projection from arm 21. The two arms, 21 and24, are interlocking at 29. In 2, arm 24 is shown held down by arm 21,and the pawl of arm 21 is restraining ratchet 20. It, now, electromagnet23 be energized, arm 21 will be drawn down, releasing ratchet 20 andreleasin arm 24, and arm 24 rises to engage an restrain ratchet 20 andalso to interlock at 29 to prevent arm 21 from rising. V

Attached to tracing point 30 is an arm '35 passing through pivoted block36, the arm 35 permitting free motion of the tracing point 30 in theplane of the surface of the.

paper ribbon without moving the block 36, but if the pen be lifted fromthe surface of the paper ribbon thc pivoted block 36 will be moved uponits piots, and consequently will movc'the arm 37, to operate the penswitch 2, the arm 37 being rigidly fixed in the block 36. Thus whenthetracing point or pen 30 is lifted from the surface of the pa- 7per-ribbon, the pen switclr2 is operated to open its two electricalconductors, the pen switch 2 beingoperated to close .its conductorsagain when the. pen or tracing point 30 is again pressed int-o contactwith the paper ribbon 16. By the lifting from the paper of the tracingpoint 30, the pen switch2 is operated to open its conductors-and thus nocurrent may flow over the line conductors; thus relay 6 isdeenergizedand armature 61 is released, closing contact 63 and permitting'currentto flow from-battery 34 through 61- 63-27 and winding of electromagnet23, energizing .lectromagnet 23, attracting its ar mature and movin arm21, releasing ratchet 20 and stepping the paper ribbon forward one step,but also by the interlocking feature at 29 the arm 24 is'released torise and stop the ribbon movement at the end of the one step; also, therise of arm 24 has opened electrical contact pair 27, interrupting thebattery circuit just described and has closed contact pair 28; Uponpressing tracing point 30 into contact with the surface of the paperribbon, pen switch 2 closes its conductors, thus permitting currents toflow over the line conductors, energizing relay 6, attracting itsarmature 61 and closing contact between 61 and 62, giving path forcurrent through circ'uit 34, 61, 62, winding of electromagnet 26, 2Q,etc.,.attracting its armature. moving arm 24, and releasing ratchet 20to move the paper tape another step; but the movement of arm 2% hasreleased arm 21 to stop the paper ribbon at the end of one step; releaseof arm 21 also opens electrical contact pair 28, interrupting thebattery circuit just described, and closes coutact pair 27. Thus bylifting the tracing pen 30 from the pa or tape, the tape-has beenstepped fol-wart a predetermined distance, presenting a new surface for7 writing, both by tracing point 30 and, tracing "point 50. It may bementioned at this point that points 30 and 50 write upon the same tape,but may write upon difi'erent portions of'it, as one upon the upper andthe other upon the lower edge of the tape, thus not interfering witheach other. This step of the paper tape written upon occurs at all ofthe receiving instruments connected in the circuit, as is indicated inthe drawing of the re-. lay 6 at Fig. 1. An additional feature involvedin the liftingof the point .30 from the' paper tape is that by so doing,and by the consequent movement of arm 21, the writing table undertracing point 5Q,is depressed,

thus breaking the contact bet-ween tracing point 50 and the paper tape,tOfiOll'B-SPOlld in all essential details to the breaking of contactbetween the tracing point 30 and the paper tape. 7

An alternative form of paper feed is shown inFi 9, in which the papertape 16 is drawn forward step by step by the action of a pawl 101affixed directly to the arma'ture'61 of the magnetb without intermediaryelectrical apparatus, the separation of the paper and the-tracing pointbeing accomplished by attaching the writing table 102 directly to thearmature-61. Upon dee'nergiaation of the magnet 6 the armature 6'1-isreleased and the pawl 101 drops into a succeeding tootl-r of the ratchet20. The mlls 18-19are"not associated with the armature 61 other thanthrough thepawl 101 l and the ratchet 20. Upon the renergizaunit.- step.

v Fig. 4 shows a pantograph attachment bywhich the tracing point 30 maybe brought away from the associated levers, helices and plungers to makeitv more convenient for the operators hand. The apparatus shown in Fig.1 may be considered and described as a modification of controller 3 ofFig. 2. 'lhe tra'cing point 30 of Fig. 2 is modified in Fig. t by theomission of the tracing element and by. the addition of two pantographarms 103-404. Two additional pantograph arms 105106 are provided. Thearm 105 is attached pivotally to a fixed member at 107; arms 103- 105are pivotally attached to each other at 108; arms 105-106 are pivotallyattached to each other at 109 arms 10-l-106 are pivotally attached toeach other at 110; and arm 106 carries a tracing point 111. It isevident that the movement of the tracing point 111 by the hand of theoperator will result in a. corresponding movement of the junction point30, corresponding to the tracing point 30' of In Figs. 4 and 5 thediagrammatic construction of Fig. 2 is elaborated in showing a. systemof levers between the tracing point 30 and the helices 31-32-33, wherebythe weight of the plungers is so disposed as to move vertically whilethe tracing point 30 may move to? write in a horizontal plane.

. The helix 32 is shown in section in Fig. 5

and a bell crank lever 112 is pivoted at 113.

".[This bell crank lever is associated by the lin'k ll l with theplungers 32 of the helix 32., and is associated by the link 115 withthejunction point ortracing point 30. Fig.

4 shows a'plan view of this arrangement.

Fig. 6 shows a plan of an arrangement of magnets having rotary armaturesinstead of solenoid plungers. In Fig. 6 the helices are designated31-32-33 to correspond -to the diagram of Fig. 2. Each helix has alaminated core and return pole 'piece 3132-33 and between the poles ofthis core are pivoted the armatures 31"32-33". Each pivoted armature isrigidlyattached to a rocker arm 31"--3233 which connects through a link31 32-33 with the tracing point 30.

Fig.7 shows elevation of the helix 33 and its laminated core and returnpole iece .33, the armature and associated parts ic ng removed.

Fig. 8 shows a method of screw adjustment by which the power'of anymagnet of the device of Figs. 6 and 7 in its, action upon its armaturemay be changed. I -;'1,he screw and nut 65 is attached to the core 66and passes through a rigid part 116. By turning the nut of the part 65the core 66 may be drawn nearer to the fixed part 116 and thus may bedrawn away from its armature 67, reducing the influence of a givencurrent upon that armature. By reversingthe direction of movement of thenut of the part 65, the spiral spring 117 is permitted to press the core66 nearer to the armature 67, thus increasing the magnetic effect.

The currents required for the operation of thissystenrmay be defined asonly such as are susceptible. of influence by change in the inductanceof their circuits; this permits the use of alternating currents, asillustrated. or pulsating or interrupted ,cur-

rents, pole-changer currents. and the like...

Such currents may be defined briefly as varying currents.

In addition to provision in the grounded limb of the line for balancingby means of impedance and resistance, similar provision likely will bere uired for possible use in any or all of the imbs of the line circuit,to

provide for the successful operation of the system over faulty lines,and the like, but these adjustments, being of a nature wellunderstood'in telephony and telegraph of the present day, are not hereindiscusse The angles between the axes of the various helices is not alimiting detail of my inven tion, as a plurality of helices may beprovided with angles of any size or sizes, it being shown here withthree helices and 120 angles as a simple form.

In Fig. 3 is shownan alternative circuit for the operation of thedevices as shown.

In this circuit a source of suitable current- 38 has a bus wire 39passing through the pen switch 40 and thence to all of the helices, as31, 32, 33, in multiple, the circuit being extended by a separate lineconductor from each of the controlling helices to its correspondingrecording helix or helices in the connected receiver. or receivers; atthe distant end of the transmission line the circuits again group upon acommon return, 41.

lVe do not wish to limit ourselves in all respects, to the specificdetails herein described and illustrated, as we understand that ourapparatus is capable of many modifications without departing from thespirit or scope of our invention.

' Having thus described our invention,'what we claim as new and wish tosecure by United States Letters Patent, is:

1. In a telautograph. a transmitter, 11 receiver, a recording ribbon, astep-by-step ribbon feed, andmeans by which said ribbon feed isrendered-operative by lifting the tracing point of said transmitter fromthe writing table, substantially as described.

' '2. In atelautograph, atransmitter; a re- ;ceiver; a receiving tape; astep-by-step tap 'tacts at said transmitter; a receiver; a :re-

step feed of said receiv ng tape, substantially as described.

3. In a telautograph, a transmitter; a stylus at said transmitter;electrical conceiving tape; a step-bystep tape feed at said receivercontrolled-by electrical contacts at saidtransmitter; and a pivoted armassociated with said contacts and the stylus of said transmitter wherebyby. the lifting of said stylussaid contacts will be broken,substantially as described.

4. In a telautograph, a transmitter; a receiver; a receiving tape; astep-by-step tape feed; a relay in the line. circuit at said receiverand relay-controlling contacts in the line circuit at-said transmitter,said relaycontrolling contacts operating by the lifting of thetransmitter stylus from its tape and stud "relay operating to produce astep-bystep :feed' of'said receiving tape; and means whereby the writingpen of the receiver and thet -receiving tape are separated while the wrllagidg stylus islifted, substantially as de- 5. In a telautograph, thcombination of a transmitter havmg threeiinpedance units of variableinductance and spaced, radially at equal angles; a receiver havingelectro-- magnets-in number'and position'corresponding to said impedanceunits; and means for varying the inductance of said impedance units,substantially as described.

6. In a telautograph, the vcombination of a transmitter'having more.than r-two, impedance units of variable inductance, the links of whichare spaced radially at equal an les at the tracing'stylus; .a receiverhaving e ectromagnets in number corresponding to said impedance units.and the operating links of which are spaced at corresponding angles atthe writing pen; and meansfor varying the inductance of said impedanceunits, sube stantially'asdescribed. V a

7; In a telautograph, the combination of a transmitterhavmg'th'reeimpedance units of variable inductance and spaced, radiallyat equal angles; a receiver having electromagnetsin number and positioncorrespondmg to said impedance units; means for varymg. the lnductanceof said impedance units;

three conductors connecting said transmitter and said receiver 2; and asource of threephase alternating current connected through said threeimpedances to three line conductors and thence to said transmitter,substantially as described.

8. In a telautograph. th combination, of

a transmitter having three variable {inductances, the operatingconnections of' which approacha tracing stylus at equal angles; a lineof :three conductors; and a source of three-phase alternating currentconnected tween said plnngers and said tracing point whereby movement ofsaid tracing point will cause corresponding movement of said plungers,said impedances being more than two in number and said connectionsapproaching said tracing point in directions making substantially e ualangles with each other, substantially as. escribed.

10. In a telautograph, a receiver having three electromagnets intriangular arrangethem; a three-conductor line; a three-phase generatorconnected throu h said line to said units; and variable in uctances tocontrol the current flow, substantially ,as de- Scribed.

11. In a telautograph transmitter, a plurality of impedance units, eachhaying a variable self-inductance; armatures, one for each of saidimpedance units, said armatures being adapted by the position thereofwith reference to the magnetic circuit of theimpedance units to vary theinductance-of each impedance unit; a tracing point; mechanicalconnections between said had point and said armatures whereby therelative inductance of said impedances is controlled by the position of7 said trac' point; a multi-conductor line; and a multiphase alternatin-current generator connected throughsaid impedances to-said line, .the-

ternating-current generator; three line conductors; three inductiveunits through which 'the energy of said (generator may be impressedupon'the sai line conductors; a receiver having three electromagnets;and meansfor varying the relative inductances of said inductive units,substantially as described.

13. In a telautograph, a multi-phase alternating-current generator; apluralitypf line conductors; a plurality of inductive units throu hwhich the energy of said generator may e impressed upon the said lineconductors; means for varying the relative inductance of said inductiveunits; and

a receiver having a plurality of electromagnets; the number of lineconductors, mductive units and electromagnets respectively beingseverally equal to the number of phases in said generator,substantially, as described.

14. In a telautograph, a three-phase alternating-current generator;three line conductors; three inductive units throu h which the energy ofsaid generator may e impressed'upon the said line conductors; a receiverhaving. three electromagnets; and means for varying the relativetransmission of energy through said inductive units, substantially asdescribed.

15. In a telautograph, a multi-phase alternating-current generator; aplurality of line conductors; a plurality of inductive units throughwhich the energy of said-generator may beimpressed upon the said lineconductors; and meansfor varying the relative transmissioniof energythrough said inductive units; a receiver having a plurality ofelectromagnets; the number of line eonductors, inductive units andelectromagnets respectively being severally equal to the number ofphases in said generator, substantially as described.

16.'In a telautograph, the combination of a transmitter having aplurality of impedance .nnits of variable inductance, a receiver havinga similar number of electromagnets; a transmission line having a similarnumber of conductors, and a multi-phase alternating-current generator,the number of whose phases is equal to the number of said impedanceunits,- the transmission circuits including said generator, saidimpedance units and said receiver clectromagne'ts, and said impedancesbeing of manually variable inductance, substantially as described.

17. In a telautograph receiver, a writing point; and three receivingelectromagnets, said writing point being attached to all the armaturesthereof; said receiving magnets acting upon said writing point in threeditferent directions, each direction making an angle greater than ninetydegrees with either of the other two directions when the directionsaretaken within a plane parallel to the plane of writing, substantiallyas described.

18. In a telautograph receiver, a writing point; and a plurality ofreceiving electroniagnets, said writing point being attached to all thearmaturcs thereof; said receiving magnets being more than two in numberand acting upon said writing point each in opposition to two remainingmagnets, substanseveral armatures collectively, and

tially as described.

- 19. In a telautograph receiver, a writing point; and three receivingelectroma ets, said writing point bein attached to a l the armaturesthereof; said receiving magnets acting upon said writing point in threedifferent directions, each direction making an angle greater than ninetydegrees with either, of the other two directions when the direc-' tionsare taken within a plane parallel to the plane of writing, and saidwriting point being held in any position by reason of an equilibriumestablished by and among the emg moved from position to position by areadjustment of the relative intensities of the fields of saidelectromagnets, substantially as described! v 20. In a telautographreceiver, a plurality of receiving electromagnets; an armature for eachor said electromagnets; said armatures being connected in equilibriumeach against others under the attraction of said electromagnets whenenergized and a writing point connected with said armatures,substantially as described.

21. In a telautograph receiver, a plurality of receiving electromagnets;connected armatures therefor pulling each against others under themagnetism of said electromagnets when energized; and a writing point inconnection with said armatures, substantially as described.

22. In a telautograph receiver, a plurality of receiving electromagnets;armatures for said electromagnets and connected together and pullingeach against others under the magnetism of said electromagnets and inequilibrium under the magnetism of said clectroniagnets when themagnetism of said electromagnets is not changing; and a writing point inconnection with said armatures, substantially as described.

Signed by me at Chicago, county of Cook and State of Illinois, in thepresence of two witnesses.

ANTON M. KN UDSEN.

Witnesses I'IAZAEL C. PRADO, Eva A. GARLOCK.

, Signed by meat Grand Rapids, county of Kent, and State of Michigan,111 the presence of two witnesses.

' KARSTEN KNUDSEN.

Witnesses JOHN Rrnnnnc, R. E. HETH.

